Age Spots

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Age Spots: Causes, Prevention and Treatment

Age spots, often referred to as liver spots or solar lentigines, vary in size and shape and can often be seen on the hands, shoulders, face, and arms. This is due to the fact that these places are exposed more to the sun. They are flat, and can be tan, brown or black in colouring. They are commonly seen in adults that are over the age of 50, but if younger individuals spend a lot of time in the sun, they can see them appear as well. Most age spots are harmless as they are not cancerous. They are most seen in individuals that have a fair complexion, however those with darker skin tones can easily have age spots.

What are the symptoms of age spots?

As stated above, age spots are flat, and appear to be brown, tan or black in colour. They occur on skin that is most exposed to the sun. They can vary in size from the size of a freckle to ½ inch in diameter. Often times, age spots will cluster together, making them appear to be larger.

Age spots are harmless but they should be examined from time to time to make sure that they are not a form of skin cancer. If the spot increases in size in a short time frame, becomes dark in pigmentation, has an irregular border, itches, is tender, bleeds, or has an unusual colour combination, it is best to be examined by a dermatologist to rule out skin cancer.

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Are there any ways that age spots can be avoided?

Age spots can be avoided by wearing a high quality sunscreen of at least SPF 30. Apply the sunscreen half an hour before heading outdoors to allow it to soak into the skin. Individuals should wear a hat when in the sun, as well as a pair of sunglasses. Avoid the sun during the peak hours of 10 am to 3 pm.

What are the treatments for age spots?

There are many different treatments used by skin specialists for age spots. These treatments include:

  • Photo rejuvenation

    Photo Rejuvenation is a non-surgical process that uses powerful light technology. Pigmentation of the skin will appear to be lighter after just a few treatments. Photo rejuvenation works well to quickly fade age spots on the skin. There is minimal discomfort felt during the process, and after just one treatment, there will be noticeable results. Treatment takes as little as half an hour, and individuals may return to normal life activities immediately after a session. The number of treatments will be based on how severe the age spots are. Side effects are rarely seen, with some minor swelling and redness possibly seen after the treatment, but this usually dissipates after an hour or so.

  • Cryotherapy

    Cryotherapy is freezing of the skin. Liquid nitrogen will be applied to destroy the pigmentation of the skin. Once the skin begins to heal, there will be a lighter colouring. There is the risk of scarring or discoloration of the skin that is permanent.

  • Dermabrasion

    Dermabrasion may be used to rid the skin of age spots. The surface of the skin will be sanded down with a rotating brush. New skin will grow in the place of the skin that is being removed. Scabs will form after the old skin is sanded away. Skin will be red temporarily after the process.

  • Medications

    Medications may be prescribed that can bleach the skin or make the age spots fade away. Medications may make the skin red, itchy, or cause burning. They may also dry out the skin. It is crucial that if medication is used for age spots, a high quality sunscreen be worn when exposed to the sun.

 

 

Rosacea

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Rosacea: Prevention, Causes and Treatments

Rosacea is a skin condition that is commonly seen that causes redness of the face. Many times it is referred to as acne rosacea. It will often produce small bumps on the skin that can be filled with pus that are red. It can effect anyone, but if left untreated, it will get worse as time goes on. Rosacea commonly effects woman who are middle aged and have fair skin. Those who are of Irish, English, or Scottish descent are more likely to develop Rosacea. It is not considered to be contagious or infectious.

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Approximately 3 million people alone in Australia, and 45 million worldwide have Rosacea. Generally it effects adults, ages 30-60. Generally speaking, individuals who suffer from Rosacea will not outgrow it.

What are the symptoms of Rosacea?

Rosacea has periods of flare ups. It may be mistaken for a sunburn, acne, and rosy cheeks. Symptoms of Rosacea include frequent flushing of the face. Most of the redness will be concentrated on the center of the face, such as the nose, cheeks, forehead, and chin. There is a possibility of a burning feeling, as well as some slight swelling. The eyes and eyelids could become inflamed, and the nose could be swollen. In males, the nose could become red, large, and bumpy. The skin is often thicker on individuals who suffer from this skin condition. There are constant bumps on the skin with the redness. The bumps may or may not have pus in them. Many times solid bumps on the skin will become painful to the individual. There could be small, red lines under the skin that are seen when the blood vessels under the skin become large. This area of the skin can feel warm and look swollen.

What causes Rosacea?

No one knows the exact cause of Rosacea. Blood vessels could possibly expand too easily, which will cause an individual to flush. Rosacea could possibly be inherited. Other factors that may possibly cause Rosacea include heat that is excessive, heavy exercise, hot baths, sunlight, drinking alcohol, menopause, winds, very cold temperatures, emotional stress, long term use of steroids on the face, and hot or spicy foods.

How is Rosacea diagnosed?

Rosacea can be diagnosed by the symptoms and the appearance of the skin. Many times it is under diagnosed. A skin specislist will be able to determine if an individual has Rosacea. In some cases, a skin biopsy can help determine if an individual has this skin condition. The skin biopsy will be done by scraping the skin, which can help to rule out other skin conditions, such as seasonal allergies, eczema, staph infections, a medication reaction, impetigo, and herpes simplex.

Are there any risks to living with Rosacea?

Rosacea can effect the eyes, although not everyone who has Rosacea will have the eyes effected. Half of individuals with Rosacea report dry eyes, burning, and irritation. Light sensitivity and redness of the eyelids may also be experienced. If eye problems with Rosacea is left untreated, it could cause complications that are serious, such as damaging the cornea. If Rosacea does effect the eyes, an ophthalmologist will need to be seen to treat the eyes.

Is there a cure for Rosacea?

While there is not a cure for Rosacea, there are many things that can be done to help treat it. It is easily controlled and managed. A skin specialist may prescribe antibiotics that come in either cream, gel or lotion forms, as well as pills. These antibiotics are effective for short term use, but could have side effects. These antibiotics for Rosacea will help inflammation.

Another treatment used is acne drugs. It can help to clear up acne that can be caused during Rosacea. Some of these drugs should not be used while pregnant, as they may cause birth defects.

A treatment our skin specialists can perform in the comfort of our clinic is photo-rejuvenation, also known as IPL photo-rejuvenation. This skin treatment utilises lasers, photo dynamic therapy, or intense pulsed light. Prior to the procedure, eye pads or glasses will be placed over the eyes to protect them. A cooling gel is placed on the skin. A hand held device is moved over the skin, which will emit the light. The light will break down superficial blood vessels. After the treatment, the cooling gel is wiped off the skin, and a moisturiser will be applied. There is very little pain felt, with many individuals reporting it feels like a rubber band is snapping the skin lightly. Within the first treatment, most individuals report feeling the most pain, and with each session the discomfort level will be improved. A series of 3 -5 treatments will be needed for optimal results, performed once every 3-6 weeks. A single treatment will take anywhere from half an hour to an hour and a half, depending on how large the treatment area is.

After the treatment, there may be some minor swelling. Ice packs can help to control the swelling.

What are the benefits of photo-rejuvenation for Rosacea?

There are many benefits of utilising the photo-rejuvenation treatment. The most significant one is no downtime is needed for the procedure. The treatments are 100% non-invasive with very low risks. Results seen from photo-rejuvenation are gradual, and the treatment is customised to fit specific skin concerns.

Are there any risks of photo-rejuvenation when treating Rosacea?

As with most procedures, there is always the risk of unwanted side effects. However, photo-rejuvenation has only mild risks. These include mild temporary swelling, small blistering, and an occasional bruise. Mild redness may also be a side effect. In order to protect yourself, always make sure that anyone performing the procedure has experience in laser treatments. At Advanced Dermatology in Sydney all our treatments are performed by experienced and extensively trained skin specialists.

What can an individual do if they have Rosacea?

Should an individual suffer from Rosacea, they should only wash the skin with a mild cleanser. The skin should be babied, without scrubbing or rubbing it too hard. Sunscreen of SPF 30 or higher should be worn at all times. Protect the face in cold weather with a scarf. Make sure any product used on the face does not contain any alcohol. Makeup can used to help with Rosacea. Look for green tinted foundations and powders to help counteract any redness.

Is there anything that should be avoided with Rosacea?

Flushing of the skin may be caused by spicy foods, cigarettes, alcohol and hot drinks. These should be avoided at all costs. Exposure to sunlight and extreme hot and cold temperatures should also be avoided. Foods may also be a trigger for Rosacea. These foods often include dairy products, some beans, such as Lima and navy beans, peas, soy sauce, chocolate, tomatoes, citrus fruits, spinach, avocado, yeast extract, and eggplants. It is best to keep a food diary to determine what foods can cause a flare up.

On the contrary, there are foods that help with Rosacea flare ups. These include non-dairy cheeses, thermally cooler meals, cold drinks, and drinks without alcohol.

Triggers found in skin care products include alcohol, clove oil, peppermint, witch hazel, menthol, salicylic acid, eucalyptus oil and fragrances.

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Acne Vulgaris

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Acne Vulgaris: Causes, Symptoms and Treatments

Acne vulgaris is a chronic skin condition due to the over activity of oil. This common skin disease is characterized by papules, comedones, seborrhea, nodules, pimples, and the possibility of scarring. Acne vulgaris is formed when oil and dead skin cells clog the pores of the skin. It can occur on any place of the body, and effects both men and women. It is estimated that 80-90% of teenagers are effected by acne vulgaris.

What causes acne vulgaris?

There are many causes of acne vulgaris. Those can include using cosmetics that have an oil base, high levels of humidity, which could lead to sweating (which can clog the pores), hormonal changes due to puberty, the menstrual cycle, stress, birth control pills, or pregnancy, certain medications (steroids, estrogen, testosterone, phenytoin), and heredity. An individual’s diet can also effect acne vulgaris. Diets high in refined sugars have been linked to this common skin condition.

What symptoms will an individual see with acne vulgaris?

There are many symptoms an individual may experience with acne vulgaris. Those include:

  • Blackheads -Dark spots on the skin that are caused by a small plug in the opening of the pore. These are also referred to as open comedones.
  • Whiteheads- White raised bumps on the skin, also known as closed comedones or pimples. Whiteheads are caused by oil and dead skin cells in the pores.
  • Nodules- Large, painful bumps beneath the surface of the skin
  • Papules- Small red bumps on the skin
  • Pustules- Small pus filled blisters on the skin that are inflamed and are tender
  • Cysts- A pouch of skin that can be filled with fluid, air, pus, or other materials
  • Crusting of the skin
  • Redness around the skin eruptions
  • Possible scarring of the skin

What steps can one take if acne vulgaris is present?

Should an individual have acne vulgaris, he or she should visit with their skin specialist to find a treatment plan designed to fit the individual’s needs. Other things that may be helpful to keep acne vulgaris under control is to wash the face daily with a gentle cleanser that will not dry out the skin. Be gentle with the skin, never scrubbing too hard. An individual will also want to keep their hair clean, shampooing daily if the hair is oily.

An individual should remember that there are things that are best avoided when dealing with acne vulgaris. This includes picking at the acne, washing the face too often, touching the face with the hands or fingertips, wearing tight headbands or ball caps or other items that cause friction or pressure on the skin, and using heavy oil based cosmetics or face creams.

How can a skin specialist help acne vulgaris?

Should an individual have acne vulgaris, and home treatment is not bringing relief, an individual can visit with his or her dermatologist. A skin specialist will determine what type of acne grade the individual has (grade 1 is mild while grade 4 is severe acne). The skin specialist may recommend a topical treatment be used to treat the acne, or could prescribe antibiotics to kill bacteria and reduce inflammation of the skin. The topical treatment could be one that is recommended that is an over the counter one, or one that is prescribed by the skin specialist. The skin speacialist may prescribe birth control pills to females to help clear up the acne. Acne vulgaris can also be treated with many treatments in the skin specialists office, including dermabrasion, microdermabrasion, dermal fillers ( for acne scars), chemical peels, laser and light therapy, comedo extraction, and acne removal (drainage and extraction methods).

If you suffer from acne vulgaris, contact one of our friendly skin specialist today and see how we can help you. At Advanced Dermatology we offer a range of skin treatments and acne skincare that will help with the acne vulgaris.

Hypertrophic Scars

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 Hypertrophic Scars: Causes and Treatments

PLEASE NOTE: Advanced Dermatology does not treat hypertrophic at this current time. This article is for education and information purposes only. 

A hypertrophic scar is a wide scar that is very common. They are raised and very thick, and bright pink in colour, but will often fade. A hypertrophic scar can itch and be painful, and are uniform without extending past the original incision or wound. They do not drain any pus, and often have dry skin flaking off them. A hypertrophic scar often contains nerves and blood vessels. They are commonly found on the breastbone, ears, and shoulders, but can essentially be found on any part of the body.

A hypertrophic scar looks much like a keloid scar, however, they do not get as big as keloid scars. Hypertrophic scars are much more common than a keloid scar.

How does a hypertrophic scar form?

A hypertrophic scar is formed when there is an injury to the skin. They may form from pimples, cuts, burns, and body piercings. A hypertrophic scar will form when there is an injury to the dermis, or the deepest layer of the skin. The body will create collagen in excess to help the injury heal, which will give an elevated appearance to the scar.

What treatments are available for a hypertrophic scar?

There are many different treatment options for a hypertrophic scars that include surgical, non-surgical and other therapies.

  • Skin needling is a procedure that is often used for hypertrophic scars. This procedure is performed at a skin specialist. It is a cost effective way to stimulate collagen production. A roller is manually applied to the skin. The roller will have over 200 fine needles, which will be applied in a crisscross motion. The needles will puncture the skin in order for new collagen to be stimulated and formed.
  • Collagen injections are used for hypertrophic scars that have sunk into the skin. Once the collagen is injected into the skin, it will help the scar raise up to be even with the level of skin. More than one injection will be needed to maintain the level of the skin.
  • Laser therapy is used for hypertrophic scars. The laser starts by working on the top layer of the skin, but works its way down to the lower levels of the skin to vaporize the scar tissues. More than one treatment may be needed depending on what the desired outcome is.
  • Radiotherapy is a treatments that is used but can be very risky. The scar is cut open and exposed to radiotherapy. Opening a scar can have long term side effects, so this treatment should be used with the utmost caution as a last resort.
  • Steroid injections may be used to treat hypertrophic scars. These injections will help to thin the skin tissues. The steroid will be injected into the scar once a month until the scar has flattened out. The injection will help to soften the appearance of the scar.
  • Silicone sheets are used as a treatment for hypertrophic scars to help fade the traces of the scar. Silicone sheets will be applied to the skin to moisturize it, which will also help to even out the blotchy skin tone. These sheets are comfortable to wear and possess very little risk to the person wearing them. No further damage will be done to the skin tissues when utilizing this scar treatment.
  • Topical steroids are applied directly to the scar. They are usually in a cream or ointment form and are available in different strengths. They are commonly known as corticosteroids.
  • Surgery can be an option for removing a hypertrophic scar, although it can lead to new scars. Surgery for these scars is often only used as a last resort once other treatments have been exhausted.

PLEASE NOTE: Advanced Dermatology does not treat hypertrophic at this current time. This article is for education and information purposes only. 

Adult Acne

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What are Adult Acne?

Adult acne is a very common skin disorder. It is caused by sebum that has clogged the pores, that then become inflamed with bacteria. Adult acne will effect 25% of men and 50% of woman. It can affect the face, the body or the back. Adults can get acne in their 30s, 40s and even 50s. Woman often see adult acne due to fluctuating hormones, and will often see a flare up when they are menstruating, during pregnancy, and menopause, and after starting or stopping birth control. Stress in an individual’s daily life can also lead to adult acne. Research also points to adult acne happening more frequently if a family member has it, since acne can be genetic. Some suffer from adult acne due to medications they are on. Hair and skin care products one is using can also influence acne. An individual should look for products that are oil-free, that won’t clog the pores, and products that are non-acnegenic, or non-comedogenic. An individual’s diet can also contribute to adult acne. Dairy, sugars, simple carbs, and chocolate can contribute to acne.

Adult Acne and Other Conditions

Adult acne can also be a sign of an underlying medical condition. If a woman has thinning hair or bald patches on the scalp, irregular periods, and facial hair that is accompanied by acne, it could be a sign of polycystic ovaries. This condition causes cysts to develop on the ovaries. Those symptoms could also be a sign of adrenal hyperplasia, which is a group of adrenal gland disorders. Any of these symptoms could mean the female has a hormone secreting tumor that is in her adrenal gland or her ovary. Should any of these signs be present, a woman will need to see a doctor to clear up the condition so the adult acne can be cleared up.

Elos for Adult Acne Treatment

Adult acne should be treated. Without treatment, permanent scars and dark spots can appear on the skin. Adult acne can be treated many different ways. If you feel you have a bad case of adult acne, you should contact your skin specialits for treatment options. Laser therapy is a good option for those who suffer from acne. Elos is a treatment done by skin specialist that combines radio frequency energies with optical (laser or pulsed light). This treatment is the first and only technology that combines the two energies together. Using this treatment, there is lower risk of damaging the epidermis. Tissue is targeted by using short or long pulses, and the radio frequency energy is not absorbed by the melanin. Elos is very effective in treating areas that have lower optical absorption, such as the collagen. Elos is safe to use on all skin types, and treatment can be done on the face, back, neck, chest, and other portions of the body. During the treatment, the skin that is being treated will be covered with a cool gel. The area will be treated with pulsed light. To cool the sensation felt, a fan will most generally be blowing onto the skin. The treatment is quick, usually taking about 20 to 30 minutes. After the treatment, the skin will be warm and pink. The pinkness can last for a few days. There is no downtime required with Elos, and a patient can resume all normal activities. Many times multiply treatments are needed to see optimal results, however, the exact number will depend on how severe the adult acne is. Treatments should be spaced a month apart. Treatment done will help to reduce active adult acne on the body, as well as speed up the healing process of the acne. During Elos treatments, the sebaceous glands will slowly diminish in producing oil.

Before an Elos treatment, the patient should stop any topical agents for 2 to 3 days prior to the treatment. One should not tan or be in the sun right before the treatment. After the treatment, the skin should be protected with an SPF of 30+. An individual should avoid tanning for a few days after Elos treatment as this could be grounds for hyperpigmentation. Those that are not eligible for Elos treatments include those that have a pacemaker or internal defibrillator, those that are pregnant or nursing, one that has an active skin condition in the area that is being treated (sores, rash, etc), those that use anticoagulants, and those with poorly controlled endocrine disorders, such as diabetes or Poly Cystic Ovary.

Microdermabrasion for Adult Acne Treatment

Microdermabrasion can provide relief from those that suffer from adult acne. Microdermabrasion uses tiny crystals to buff away the dead skin cells that can clog pores. New skin cells are formed, which will mean smoother skin. Repeated microdermabrasion treatments can remove some blemishes that are deep. A wand will shoot crystals over the skin being treated, polishing the skin, removing the dead skin cells. These cells will then be vacuumed up with the crystals. Skin will be pink for about 24 hours, and there is no downtime needed. No anesthetics are needed for this procedure. It is safe for all skin types.

Chemical Peels for Adult Acne Treatment

Chemical peels can be done on the skin for adult acne as well. There are three kinds of chemical peels: superficial, medium and deep. Superficial chemical peels use weak acids to exfoliate the skin. Peeling of the skin will be seen in usually three days, but is very light. Skin will heal quickly after a superficial peel. They can be repeated every one to four weeks. Medium depth chemical peels penetrate the skin deeper than a superficial peel does. They can cause a second degree burn to the skin. They cause red skin, and will take five to seven days to hide the redness. These may be repeated every six to twelve months. A deep chemical peel will penetrate several layers of the skin and will only be used on the face. Skin will be regrown in ten to fourteen days after the peel. Skin will generally be red for up to three weeks, with some seeing redness for up to two months. It may take several months for the skin to heal after having a deep chemical peel done. A deep chemical peel is usually only done once in an area.

Skincare for Adult Acne

Many times adult acne can be treated successfully with any of the above treatments in conjunction with a high quality skin care line. Advanced Dermatology’s complete skin care line is targeted at treating the skin professionally. The Daily Renew Cleanser is activated with water to give a deep down clean unlike any other. Suitable for all skin types, this cleanser will not strip the skin of moisture and will deliver a healthy, vibrant complexion. The Super Youth Serum is lightweight, and smooths out damaged skin. Natural lipids peptides, proteins and anti-oxidants help to promote deep tissue repair. The Anti-aging Firming Night Treatment helps to regulate sebum production, which will mean fewer clogged pores. This treatment also helps to reduce scarring that is caused by acne. The Complete Age Defense Day Cream will lightly moisturises the skin without weighing it down with heavy oils or creams. It leaves the skin feeling balanced. The Deep Cellular Regeneration cream quenches the skin, delivering long lasting hydration to the skin. It will promote healthy looking skin by helping to rebuild collagen, elastin and essential proteins the skin needs to look and feel its best.

Hyperkeratosis

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What is Hyperkeratosis?

Hyperkeratosis is when the outer layer of the skin is thickened. The outer layer of the skin will contain keratin, which is a protective protein. It is a form of keratosis, which is a skin disorder caused by over production of keratin. It occurs most often on skin that has been irritated, has pressure on it, or has rubbed against something. Less frequently, it will occur on skin that has not been irritated. This often occurs due to heredity if no irritation is seen. Hyperkeratosis often occurs on large portions of the skin. There are many forms of hyperkeratosis. These include warts, corns and calluses, chronic eczema, seborrheic keratosis, lichen planus, actinic keratosis, and other inherited conditions. There is a good prognosis for hyperkeratosis, however, do note that actinic keratosis can result in squamous cell skin cancer.

Hyperkeratosis Symptoms

Many times, hyperkeratosis is painless. There may be corns, calluses, and warts that can cause some form of discomfort. There may be itchy, scaly patches of skin that is associated with lichen planus.  These patches are often purplish-blue. White spots may appear in the mouth due to friction from dentures. The skin could appear to be scaly and dry and may change colors. Hair loss is commonly seen. Small brown or black growths of skin may appear, but these are harmless and are formed from unknown causes. Red, flat patches that are course are associated with actinic keratosis. There may also be chronic inflammation of the skin (eczema) that is triggered by chemicals, allergies, or other factors.

How to diagnose Hyperkeratosis?

A doctor will be able to diagnose by examining the skin and asking for a family history.  Your doctor will want to know if there is a family history of skin problems, if you are in the sun excessively, have dentures, use smokeless tobacco, chew on your tongue or cheeks, or have a history of allergies.  A skin examination will be performed, and other tests may be ordered.  A biopsy of the skin may be needed to confirm the patient has hyperkeratosis.

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Hyperkeratosis Treatment

Treatment for hyperkeratosis includes the use of salicylic acid. Salicylic acid will break up the keratin.  This will shed the thick skin, as well as soften it. Urea topical agents are often prescribed to increase water content in the skin, thus softening it. Urea will also help to break up the keratin. Alpha hydroxy acids can be used on hyperkeratosis to exfoliate the skin, revealing skin that is better able to accept any moisture to keep it soft. Tretinoin can also be used to shed the skin that has become thick.

Many times, depending on where the hyperkeratosis is located on the body, a different treatment will be administered. Corns and calluses may find relief from using padding or moleskin next to the areas that are effected. On lichen planus, it is often helpful to use a corticosteroid cream. Should one have eczema, they could find relief in corticosteroid creams and ointments as well. Seborrheic keratosis can be removed with a scalpel or by using cryosurgery (freezing using liquid nitrogen). Warts are often removed using cryosurgery as well, or they could be cut out or a laser may be used to remove them.  Actinic keratosis can be removed with cryosurgery if the area is small, but lasers will be needed if there are multiple areas of keratosis.

How to Prevent Hyperkeratosis?

Prevention methods for hyperkeratosis include wearing shoes that are comfortable to avoid corns and calluses. Never go into public places, such as locker rooms or rest rooms, without shoes on the feet. Should you need to use a public shower, leave thongs or socks on the feet. If you have eczema, avoid using harsh soaps and deodorants on the skin. Do not take bubble baths and avoid dry air. Avoid triggers that cause allergies.

 

Pityriasis Rosea

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What is Pityriasis Rosea?

Pityriasis rosea is a skin disease that is characterised by a rash. It is quite common, and usually lasts for 6 to 8 weeks. In some cases, the rash will last longer than 8 weeks. It will often go away on its own, but sometimes can be itchy, so treatment may be needed. While people of all ages can get pityriasis rosea, it usually happens to individuals between ages 10 and 35, and often happens when a female is pregnant.  While there is not a known cause to the skin disease, it is not related to bacteria or fungi. Pityriasis rosea does not seem to be contagious, but it could be caused by a virus.

Pityriasis Rosea Symptoms

Many times a mother patch will appear when pityriasis rosea is developed. Some may experience a sore throat or a fever before this patch develops on the skin. The mother patch is a single patch on the skin, and will be seen by itself for about 2 weeks prior to any other symptoms. Some call this a “herald patch” as well. The mother patch can get rather large, and could be rather scaly. People who have light to olive colored skin will see the patch be pink or rose in colour. Those with darker skin tones will see a violet to dark gray color.

More patches will form on the skin within the next week or two. These patches are referred to as the “daughter patches”. These patches are smaller than the mother patches, and will form on the chest, abdomen, back, arms, and legs most commonly. They could also form on the face and neck. The patches will be oval shaped. Many times the patches will form a Christmas tree shape on the back.  Patches can also develop in the mouth at this point. Skin can be itchy due to the rash, with about 50% of persons have itchy skin. At times, heat will make the itching worse. It is not uncommon for individuals to have only the mother patch or the daughter patches, but it is rare.

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Pityriasis Rosea Diagnosis

Should you suspect that you have pityriasis rosea, have your dermatologist inspect your skin. Often times they will be able to diagnose the rash as pityriasis rosea right away, however, in certain cases, it can look like another skin rash or condition. Sometimes a dermatologist may have to perform tests on the skin to determine the exact skin condition present. Those skin tests could involve taking a sample of the skin or doing blood tests.

Pityriasis Rosea Treatment

If there is extreme itching, a dermatologist may prescribe medications for the itching. Corticosteroids can help to ease the itching and the redness from pityriasis rosea. Antiviral drugs can be given to reduce the amount of time pityriasis rosea lasts, usually by one to two weeks. Antihistamines can be used to reduce itching. They can be bought over the counter, however, in some cases, a dermatologist may need to prescribe stronger antihistamines if they are needed.

Exposure to natural light and artificial sunlight could also help with pityriasis rosea. This light can fade the rash. Do note that often times after the rash fades, brown spots can be left on the skin, especially if the skin tone is dark. These spots will fade over time.

If you do have pityriasis rosea, you will want to only take luke warm showers or baths, as the heat will tend to make the rash worse.  Take measures not to become overheated so the itching does not get worse.  Using calamine lotion on the rash will help to soothe it, as will taking an oatmeal bath.

Perioral Dermatitis

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What is Perioral Dermatitis?

Perioral dermatitis is a rash that usually is around the mouth. It can be scaly, dry, itchy and bumpy.  Small papules about 1 to 2 mm in diameter will form. They may or may not be filled with pus. It can spread up to the nose. It happens more in woman, ages 20 to 45, with it being rare in men and children.  Ninety percent of all cases are reported by young woman, often those who are menstruating. It can flare up and then go away, only to return months or even years later. Many skin diseases resemble perioral dermatitis, including rosacea, acne vulgaris, allergic contact dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, and irritant contact dermatitis.

Perioral dermatitis Symptoms

Symptoms of perioral dermatitis include redness on the skin, which can also appear to be pink. Some will have peeling skin, which gives the skin a scaly appearance. Many have reported having very taut skin, with the skin around the mouth being dry. A mild burning or itching sensation may take place.  There are often rashes when the perioral dermatitis flares up that are painful and lumpy. The rashes could also be pain free.

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Perioral Dermatitis Causes

The exact cause of perioral dermatitis is not known, however, it can be caused by extended use of topical steroid creams, as well as inhaled prescription steroid sprays that are used in the nose and the mouth. Moisturisers and heavy face creams can be another culprit, as can fluoride toothpastes, rosacea, and skin irritations. Bacterial or fungal infections can also trigger perioral dermatitis, as well as using sunscreen and taking oral contraceptives. Cosmetics that have a heavy base of petrolatum or a paraffin base may make the condition worse. Some even suggest that the diet plays in a role in perioral dermatitis.

A doctor will be able to diagnose perioral dermatitis. There is not any testing that is required. However, a culture of the skin may be taken just to double check for any skin infections. A small piece of the skin will be taken, and sent to a laboratory for further examination.

Perioral Dermatitis Treatment

To treat perioral dermatitis, one should stop using any steroid medications that are applied topically on the face. Heavy creams and moisturisers should not be used. Your doctor might prescribe oral antibiotics, such as metronidazole, for as long as 6 to 12 weeks. Immunosuppressive creams can be prescribed, as can topical anti-acne medications. For more severe cases, doxycycline or other oral antibiotics can be given

Perioral Dermatitis Prevention

There are a few steps that one can take to prevent perioral dermatitis. One should avoid all steroid creams on the face unless directed to use by their doctor. Always let any new doctor you see know that you have perioral dermatitis. Do not use heavy creams on the face. Should you feel the need to moisturise the skin, ask your dermatologist which creams are suitable for perioral dermatitis. Protect the skin from UV rays with a sunscreen and limit the time that your sun is exposed to the sun daily.  Wind, heat and UV rays can aggravate the skin, causing a perioral dermatitis flare up, so avoid these elements at all costs. Also, use toothpaste that does not contain fluoride.

Some home remedies that we have heard from some have had success with in treating perioral dermatitis include using honey masks on the face. Apply honey to a clean face, let set for 10 minutes and then rinse well. It is antibacterial properties will cleanse the skin, and it is safe and gentle enough to be used daily. Coconut oil can also be used on the rash. Coconut oil has antibacterial properties as well, and will also help to moisturize any dry skin around the rash.

 

 

Melanoma

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What is Melanoma?

Melanoma is a very serious type of skin cancer. It develops in the cells, which are called melanocytes, that produce the pigment to give the skin it’s color. The most common site for melanoma to form on is the legs in woman and the back on men. It is very common to those that live in sunny climates, as well as those that are Caucasian, especially northern and northwestern Europeans. It can form in the eyes, as well as the internal organs, however, this is very rare. If melanoma is not caught in the early stages, it becomes much more dangerous. It causes about three forth of the deaths related to skin cancer. The places that have the highest amount of skin cancers in the world include New Zealand and Australia.

Where can Melanoma Form?

Melanoma can form anywhere on the body. Many are astonished to know that it can even occur on places of the body that do not receive much sunlight, such as the palms of the hands. These places occur more often on those with darker skin tones.

Causes of Melanoma

While the exact cause of melanoma is not known, sunlight exposure will increase the risk of one developing the cancer. The UV rays, which are responsible for harming the skin, are also found in tanning beds and booths. Melanoma is increasing in those that are under the age of 40, especially females.

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Melanoma Symptoms

Signs that one may have melanoma include moles that change in appearance. There could also be a new development of pigment or an unusual looking growth on the skin. Should you experience either one, you will need to see your doctor right away. Melanoma can be detected sometimes by just looking at the skin, but your doctor will also take a biopsy of the skin just to be certain.  The types of biopsy he or she may use could include a punch biopsy, an excisional biopsy, or a incisional biopsy. The kind of biopsy that your doctor uses will depend on what your skin situation is.

Melanoma Stages

Should you have melanoma, you will need to know what stage it is in. Your doctor will need to see how thick the melanoma is, which he or she will do with a tool called a micrometer. Once the doctor knows the thickness of the skin cancer, he or she will better be able to set up a treatment plan. Do note that the thicker the melanoma, the more serious it is. Next the doctor will see if the melanoma has spread to lymph nodes that are close to the location where the skin cancer started. The melanoma will be diagnosed with Roman numerals, from I to IV. In stage I, the melanoma is very small and easy to treat.  However by stage IV, the melanoma has spread to other parts of the body, including other organs.

Melanoma Treatment

There are many treatments for melanoma. Your doctor may wish for you to have surgery to remove the effected lymph nodes. Chemotherapy could also be used to destroy the cancer cells. Radiation therapy could be used in conjunction with the surgery to kill any remaining cancer cells. Biological therapy will help to fight the cancer by boosting the immune system. Targeted therapy uses medication that will target specific vulnerabilities in the cancer cells.

How to prevent Melanoma?

One can prevent melanoma by wearing sun screen all year long. Many do not think about wearing it in the winter, but one can easily damage their skin then. Wear an SPF of at least 30 and apply it every two hours. Avoid the sun during peak hours, from 10 in the morning to 4 in the afternoon. Avoid tanning beds and booths, wear protective clothing when outdoors, and exam your skin every month to look for any growths or changes.

 

Why Choose Advanced Dermatology as your provider of Excessive Sweating Treatment?

At Advanced Dermatology Sydney we are dedicated with a sole purpose of improving skin and in the process we make one single promise, to provide advanced medical in-office and at-home skin treatment that are backed by science. Our doctors and nurses will take the time to discuss and to understand your full requirements and that way assist you in the best possible way.

We know how hard it is to make that first phone call about any cosmetic procedure – we have found many of our patience prefer to fill out our call back contact form in which case one of our friendly staff will contact you to further discuss the procedure you are interested in.

It is as easy as clicking here to request a call back otherwise, you can call us directly on 1300 788 800.

Keratoacanthoma

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What is Keratoacanthoma?

Keratoacanthoma is a skin tumor that is common that originates in the neck from the hair follicles. It is considered to be a form of squamous cell carcinoma. It is a rapid growing type of skin cancer. It usually occurs in older people. It erupts in sun damaged skin, and can grow for several months, then shrink and resolve itself. It may appear first as a small pimple or boil. It has a solid core that is filled with keratin.  Keratoacanthoma can be related to the infection of the HPV( Human Papilloma Virus), which is the cause of warts. However, the majority of individuals with keratoacanthoma are not found to have HPV.  The most common places to see keratoacanthoma on the body include the center of the face, the ears, forearms, scalp, lower legs (seen more commonly in woman), and the back of the hands.

Those who are at risk for developing keratoacanthoma include the following:

  • Individuals that are over the age of 50, particularly males
  • Individuals that have fair skin, eyes or hair
  • Those who suffer from chronic ulcers
  • Individuals who have had skin cancer previously
  • Those who have long term exposure to sunlight and UV rays
  • Those who have been exposed repeatedly to certain chemicals, such as tar
  • Individuals who have long term presence of scars, such as a gasoline burn
  • Persons who have long term suppression of the immune system
  • Those that have had exposure to radiation for internal cancers
  • Individuals who have the presence of the human papilloma virus
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Treatment of keratoacanthoma include any of the following options:

  • Cryotherapy- This treatment involves freezing of the skin tumor. There are many cryogens that are used to freeze the skin, including liquid nitrogen, which is the most commonly used, carbon dioxide snow, and dimethyl ether and propane or DMEP, which is an over the counter agent.  This process is inexpensive, safe and very reliable.
  • Curettage and Cautery- The skin lesion or tumor will be scraped off the skin and then heat will be applied. A local anesthetic will be injected into the area that is being treated. The skin will then be numb so no pain will be felt. A pushing sensation can be felt, but the pain is tolerable.  The skin tumor will then be scraped away with a curette. The wound created will then be cauterised with a hot wire tip to stop the bleeding and destroy any remaining skin tumor cells. Using this method, a scar will be produced.
  • Excision- This method involves cutting the skin lesion or tumor out of the skin. Some sort of scar will be left with this process. An injection will be given to numb the area, then the dermatologist will cut around and under the skin lesion or tumor with sharp scissors and a scalpel. The wound will then be stitched together and a dressing could be applied.
  • Radiotherapy- Radiation will be used to treat the skin tumor. Radiation will target the area to destroy the cells, while trying to keep normal cell damage minimised.

If you have a new lesion form on skin that has been exposed to sun, you will need to see your doctor.  If a spot does not stop bleeding, or does not heal, you should make an appointment as soon as you can with your doctor. Should the spot change colour, size or shape, or starts to itch or become sore to the touch, make an appointment to have the keratoacanthoma examined.  Your doctor will examine the skin and more than likely perform a skin biopsy to make sure there is a proper diagnosis